**************
繧ｪ繝悶ず繧ｧ繧ｯ繝�
**************
======================
繧ｪ繝悶ず繧ｧ繧ｯ繝域欠蜷代→縺ｯ
======================
* `繧､繝｡繝ｼ繧ｸ縺ｧ逅�ｧ｣縺吶ｋ縲後�繝ｭ繧ｰ繝ｩ繝溘Φ繧ｰ蛻晏ｿ��′遒ｺ螳溘↓諢丞袖荳肴�縺ｫ縺ｪ繧銀昴が繝悶ず繧ｧ繧ｯ繝域欠蜷代�繝ｭ繧ｰ繝ｩ繝溘Φ繧ｰ窶昴▲縺ｦ縺ｪ繧薙↑縺ｮ縺輔�(繝悶Ο繧ｰ縲後�繝ｭ繧ｰ繝ｩ繝溘Φ繧ｰ繧定ｶ｣蜻ｳ縺ｫ縺励◆縺��) <http://tec.citrussin.com/entry/2015/08/13/155115>`_
Ruby縺ｧ縺ｯ縺吶∋縺ｦ縺ｮ繝��繧ｿ縺ｯ繧ｪ繝悶ず繧ｧ繧ｯ繝医〒縺ゅｋ縲ゆｾ九∴縺ｰ謨ｴ謨ｰ縺ｮ繧ｯ繝ｩ繧ｹ縺ｯ ``Integer`` 縲∵枚蟄怜�縺ｮ繧ｯ繝ｩ繧ｹ縺ｯ ``String`` 縺ｪ縺ｩ縲�
Ruby險隱槭↓ `譛蛻昴°繧臥ｵ�∩霎ｼ縺ｾ繧後※縺�ｋ繧ｯ繝ｩ繧ｹ <https://docs.ruby-lang.org/ja/latest/library/_builtin.html>`_ 縺ｨ縲� `邨�∩霎ｼ縺ｿ縺ｧ縺ｯ縺ｪ縺�′讓呎ｺ也噪縺ｫ逕ｨ諢上＆繧後※縺�ｋ繧ｯ繝ｩ繧ｹ <https://docs.ruby-lang.org/ja/latest/library/index.html>`_ 縺後≠繧九�
============
繧ｯ繝ｩ繧ｹ螳夂ｾｩ
============
* `繧ｯ繝ｩ繧ｹ螳夂ｾｩ <https://docs.ruby-lang.org/ja/latest/doc/spec=2fdef.html#class>`_
* `繧ｯ繝ｩ繧ｹ縺ｨ縺ｯ(RubyLife) <http://www.rubylife.jp/ini/class/index1.html>`_
蜷後§繧ｯ繝ｩ繧ｹ蜷阪〒隍�焚邂�園縺ｫ螳夂ｾｩ繧呈嶌縺�※繧ゅｈ縺�ゅ◎縺ｮ蝣ｴ蜷医�螳夂ｾｩ縺瑚ｿｽ蜉�縺輔ｌ縺ｦ縺�￥縲�
==========
繝｡繧ｽ繝�ラ
==========
* `繝｡繧ｽ繝�ラ(RubyLife) <http://www.rubylife.jp/ini/method/>`_
繝｡繧ｽ繝�ラ繧貞ｮ溯｡後☆繧区凾縺ｯ蠢�★螳溯｡御ｸｻ菴薙→縺ｪ繧九が繝悶ず繧ｧ繧ｯ繝�(縲檎ｧ√阪′隱ｰ縺九→縺�≧縺薙→)縺後≠繧翫√◎繧後� ``self`` 縺ｨ縺�≧螟画焚縺ｫ蜈･縺｣縺ｦ縺�ｋ縲�
繝｡繧ｽ繝�ラ繧貞他縺ｳ蜃ｺ縺呎凾縺ｯ螳溯｡御ｸｻ菴薙→縺ｪ繧九が繝悶ず繧ｧ繧ｯ繝医ｒ謖�ｮ壹＠縺ｪ縺�→縺�￠縺ｪ縺�′縲∵欠螳壹＠縺ｪ縺��ｴ蜷医� ``self`` 縺御ｽｿ繧上ｌ繧九ゅ＠縺溘′縺｣縺ｦ谺｡縺ｮ莠後▽縺ｯ蜷後§縲�
.. code-block:: ruby
foo()
.. code-block:: ruby
self.foo()
.. note::
Ruby縺ｫ髢｢謨ｰ繧�ｼ皮ｮ怜ｭ舌�辟｡縺上√☆縺ｹ縺ｦ繝｡繧ｽ繝�ラ縺ｧ縺ゅｋ縲る未謨ｰ縺ｮ繧医≧縺ｫ菴ｿ縺�ｂ縺ｮ縺ｯ ``Object`` 繧ｯ繝ｩ繧ｹ縺ｧ螳夂ｾｩ縺輔ｌ縺ｦ縺�ｋ�域ｭ｣遒ｺ縺ｫ縺ｯ ``Kernel`` 繝｢繧ｸ繝･繝ｼ繝ｫ縺ｧ螳夂ｾｩ縺輔ｌ縲� ``Object`` 繧ｯ繝ｩ繧ｹ縺ｫ繧､繝ｳ繝昴�繝医＆繧後※縺�ｋ�峨� ``Object`` 縺ｯ縺吶∋縺ｦ縺ｮ繧ｯ繝ｩ繧ｹ縺ｮ繧ｹ繝ｼ繝代�繧ｯ繝ｩ繧ｹ縺ｪ縺ｮ縺ｧ縲√◎縺薙〒螳夂ｾｩ縺輔ｌ縺溘Γ繧ｽ繝�ラ縺ｯ縺吶∋縺ｦ縺ｮ繧ｪ繝悶ず繧ｧ繧ｯ繝医〒繝｡繧ｽ繝�ラ蜷阪□縺第嶌縺�※菴ｿ縺�％縺ｨ縺後〒縺阪ｋ縲�
====================
繧､繝ｳ繧ｹ繧ｿ繝ｳ繧ｹ縺ｮ逕滓�
====================
繧ｯ繝ｩ繧ｹA縺ｮ譁ｰ縺励＞繧ｪ繝悶ず繧ｧ繧ｯ繝医ｒ菴懊ｋ縺ｫ縺ｯ縲√け繝ｩ繧ｹA縺ｮ ``new`` 繝｡繧ｽ繝�ラ繧貞他縺ｳ蜃ｺ縺励∬ｿ斐ｊ蛟､縺ｨ縺励※繧ｯ繝ｩ繧ｹA縺ｮ譁ｰ縺励＞繧､繝ｳ繧ｹ繧ｿ繝ｳ繧ｹ繧貞女縺大叙繧九ゅｂ縺励け繝ｩ繧ｹA縺ｫ ``initialize`` 縺ｨ縺�≧蜷榊燕縺ｮ繝｡繧ｽ繝�ラ縺悟ｮ夂ｾｩ縺輔ｌ縺ｦ縺�ｋ縺ｨ縲� ``new`` 縺ｧ譁ｰ縺励￥繧､繝ｳ繧ｹ繧ｿ繝ｳ繧ｹ縺御ｽ懊ｉ繧後◆譎ゅ↓縲√◎縺ｮ繧､繝ｳ繧ｹ繧ｿ繝ｳ繧ｹ縺ｮ繝｡繧ｽ繝�ラ縺ｨ縺励※閾ｪ蜍慕噪縺ｫ蜻ｼ縺ｳ縺�縺輔ｌ繧九�
.. code-block:: ruby
class Human
def initialize
puts '逕溘∪繧後◆!'
end
end
x = Human.new
==================
繧､繝ｳ繧ｹ繧ｿ繝ｳ繧ｹ螟画焚
==================
* `繧､繝ｳ繧ｹ繧ｿ繝ｳ繧ｹ螟画焚 <https://docs.ruby-lang.org/ja/latest/doc/spec=2fvariables.html#instance>`_
繧､繝ｳ繧ｹ繧ｿ繝ｳ繧ｹ螟画焚縺ｯ縲√◎繧後◇繧後�繧､繝ｳ繧ｹ繧ｿ繝ｳ繧ｹ縺ｫ蜷後§蜷榊燕縺ｧ蛻･縺ｮ螟画焚縺悟ｭ伜惠縺励√Γ繧ｽ繝�ラ繧貞ｮ溯｡後☆繧九う繝ｳ繧ｹ繧ｿ繝ｳ繧ｹ縺梧戟縺｣縺ｦ縺�ｋ螟画焚縺御ｽｿ繧上ｌ繧九�
.. code-block:: ruby
class Student
def initialize(n, s)
@name = n
@score = s
end
def name
@name
end
def score
@score
end
def score=(s)
@score = s
end
def compare(x)
case
when @score > x.score
"遘√�#{x.name}繧医ｊ雉｢縺�!"
when @score < x.score
"遘√�#{x.name}繧医ｊ繧｢繝帙〒縺吮ｦ"
else
"遘√�#{x.name}縺ｨ蠑輔″蛻�￠"
end
end
end
taro = Student.new('螟ｪ驛�', 65)
hanako = Student.new('闃ｱ蟄�', 80)
puts taro.compare(hanako) # 螟ｪ驛弱�蛛ｴ縺九ｉ隕九※闃ｱ蟄舌→豈碑ｼ�☆繧�
puts hanako.compare(taro) # 闃ｱ蟄舌�蛛ｴ縺九ｉ隕九※螟ｪ驛弱→豈碑ｼ�☆繧�
繧､繝ｳ繧ｹ繧ｿ繝ｳ繧ｹ螟画焚縺ｯ縲∽ｻ悶�繧ｪ繝悶ず繧ｧ繧ｯ繝医°繧芽ｪｭ縺ｿ譖ｸ縺阪〒縺阪↑縺��縺ｧ縲√い繧ｯ繧ｻ繧ｹ逕ｨ縺ｮ繝｡繧ｽ繝�ラ�井ｸ翫�萓九□縺ｨ ``score`` 縺ｨ ``score=`` 縺ｨ縺具ｼ峨ｒ譖ｸ縺丞ｿ�ｦ√′縺ゅｋ縲ゅ◎繧後�髱｢蛟偵↑縺ｮ縺ｧ縲� |attr_accessor_manual|_ 縺ｪ縺ｩ繧剃ｽｿ縺�→荳陦後〒貂医�縲�
.. |attr_accessor_manual| replace:: ``attr_accessor``
.. _attr_accessor_manual: https://docs.ruby-lang.org/ja/latest/class/Module.html#I_ATTR_ACCESSOR
.. code-block:: ruby
class Student
attr_reader :name
attr_accessor :score
def initialize(n, s)
@name = n
@score = s
end
def compare(x)
case
when @score > x.score
"遘√�#{x.name}繧医ｊ雉｢縺�!"
when @score < x.score
"遘√�#{x.name}繧医ｊ繧｢繝帙〒縺吮ｦ"
else
"遘√�#{x.name}縺ｨ蠑輔″蛻�￠"
end
end
end
.. admonition:: 隱ｲ鬘�8
:class: exercise
谺｡縺ｮ繧医≧縺ｪ繝｡繧ｽ繝�ラ繧呈戟縺､鬆宣≡蜿｣蠎ｧ縺ｮ繧ｯ繝ｩ繧ｹ繧貞ｮ夂ｾｩ縺帙ｈ縲ゅ◆縺�縺励∵ｮ矩ｫ倥ｈ繧雁､壹＞驥鷹｡阪�蠑輔″蜃ｺ縺励◆繧頑険繧願ｾｼ繧薙□繧翫〒縺阪↑縺��縺ｧ縲√◎縺ｮ蝣ｴ蜷医�繧ｨ繝ｩ繝ｼ繝｡繝�そ繝ｼ繧ｸ繧貞�蜉帙＠縲∵ｮ矩ｫ倥�螟峨∴縺ｪ縺�ｂ縺ｮ縺ｨ縺吶ｋ縲�
* 谿矩ｫ倥ｒ隱ｿ縺ｹ繧�
* 驥鷹｡阪ｒ謖�ｮ壹＠縺ｦ鬆舌￠繧�
* 驥鷹｡阪ｒ謖�ｮ壹＠縺ｦ蠑輔″蜃ｺ縺�
* 逶ｸ謇九�蜿｣蠎ｧ縺ｨ驥鷹｡阪ｒ謖�ｮ壹＠縺ｦ謖ｯ繧願ｾｼ繧
螳溯｡御ｾ九�谺｡縺ｮ繧医≧縺ｫ縺ｪ繧九�
.. code-block:: ruby
a = Account.new #a縺ｮ蜿｣蠎ｧ
a.deposit(3000) #a縺ｮ蜿｣蠎ｧ縺ｫ3000蜀��舌￠繧�
b = Account.new #b縺ｮ蜿｣蠎ｧ
b.deposit(1000) #b縺ｮ蜿｣蠎ｧ縺ｫ1000蜀��舌￠繧�
b.withdraw(500) #b縺ｮ蜿｣蠎ｧ縺九ｉ500蜀�ｼ輔″蜃ｺ縺�
a.transfer(b, 2000) #a縺ｮ蜿｣蠎ｧ縺九ｉb縺ｮ蜿｣蠎ｧ縺ｫ2000蜀�険繧願ｾｼ繧
puts a.balance #a縺ｮ蜿｣蠎ｧ谿矩ｫ倥ｒ陦ｨ遉ｺ
puts b.balance #b縺ｮ蜿｣蠎ｧ谿矩ｫ倥ｒ陦ｨ遉ｺ
b.transfer(a, 5000) #b縺ｮ蜿｣蠎ｧ縺九ｉa縺ｮ蜿｣蠎ｧ縺ｫ5000蜀�険繧願ｾｼ繧
縺ｪ縺翫∵ｮ矩ｫ倅ｸ崎ｶｳ縺ｮ繝｡繝�そ繝ｼ繧ｸ繧定｡ｨ遉ｺ縺吶ｋ縺ｨ縺薙ｍ縺ｯ縲√�繝ｭ繧ｰ繝ｩ繝�蜀�〒荳邂�園縺�縺代↓縺吶ｋ縺薙→縲�
:ref:`縲占ｧ｣遲比ｾ九� <ex8-answer>`
======
邯呎価
======
* `繧ｯ繝ｩ繧ｹ縺ｮ邯呎価(RubyLife) <http://www.rubylife.jp/ini/inherit/>`_
蜈�↓縺ｪ繧九け繝ｩ繧ｹ繧定ｦｪ繧ｯ繝ｩ繧ｹ縺ｾ縺溘�繧ｹ繝ｼ繝代�繧ｯ繝ｩ繧ｹ縲∵眠縺励￥菴懊ｋ繧ｯ繝ｩ繧ｹ繧貞ｭ舌け繝ｩ繧ｹ縺ｾ縺溘�繧ｵ繝悶け繝ｩ繧ｹ縺ｨ蜻ｼ縺ｶ縲�
.. code-block:: ruby
class Student
def initialize(n)
@name = n
end
def name
@name
end
end
class KeioStudent < Student
def university
'諷ｶ諛臥ｾｩ蝪ｾ螟ｧ蟄ｦ'
end
end
class PStudent < KeioStudent
def faculty
'邱丞粋謾ｿ遲門ｭｦ驛ｨ'
end
end
class EStudent < KeioStudent
def faculty
'迺ｰ蠅�ュ蝣ｱ蟄ｦ驛ｨ'
end
end
taro = PStudent.new('螟ｪ驛�')
puts "#{taro.name}縺ｯ#{taro.university}#{taro.faculty}縺ｮ蟄ｦ逕溘〒縺吶�"
.. admonition:: 隱ｲ鬘�9
:class: exercise
荳翫�繝励Ο繧ｰ繝ｩ繝�縺ｧ縲� ``Student`` 繧ｯ繝ｩ繧ｹ縺ｮ繝｡繧ｽ繝�ラ縺ｨ縺励※ ``affiliation`` 繝｡繧ｽ繝�ラ繧貞ｮ夂ｾｩ縺励√◎縺ｮ蟄ｦ逕溘�螟ｧ蟄ｦ蜷阪→蟄ｦ驛ｨ蜷阪ｒ縺､縺ｪ縺偵◆譁�ｭ怜�繧定ｿ斐☆繧医≧縺ｫ縺帙ｈ縲�( ``PStudent`` 縺ｨ ``EStudent`` 縺ｫ螳夂ｾｩ縺吶ｋ縺ｮ縺ｧ縺ｯ縺ｪ縺�％縺ｨ縺ｫ豕ｨ諢�)
螳溯｡御ｾ九�縺薙ｓ縺ｪ諢溘§縲�
.. code-block:: ruby
taro = PStudent.new('螟ｪ驛�')
hanako = EStudent.new('闃ｱ蟄�')
puts "#{taro.name}縺ｯ#{taro.affiliation}縺ｮ蟄ｦ逕溘〒縺吶�"
puts "#{hanako.name}縺ｯ#{hanako.affiliation}縺ｮ蟄ｦ逕溘〒縺吶�"
:ref:`縲占ｧ｣遲比ｾ九� <ex9-answer>`
==============
迚ｹ逡ｰ繝｡繧ｽ繝�ラ
==============
* `迚ｹ逡ｰ繝｡繧ｽ繝�ラ螳夂ｾｩ <https://docs.ruby-lang.org/ja/latest/doc/spec=2fdef.html#singleton_method>`_
* `邨仙ｱ縲ヽuby縺ｮ迚ｹ逡ｰ繝｡繧ｽ繝�ラ縺｣縺ｦ菴輔↑縺ｮ��(繝悶Ο繧ｰ縲茎asata299's blog縲�) <http://blog.livedoor.jp/sasata299/archives/51497378.html>`_
譎ｮ騾壹�繝｡繧ｽ繝�ラ縺ｯ縲√≠繧九け繝ｩ繧ｹ縺ｮ繧､繝ｳ繧ｹ繧ｿ繝ｳ繧ｹ蜈ｨ驛ｨ縺ｫ蜈ｱ騾壹□縺後∫音螳壹�繧､繝ｳ繧ｹ繧ｿ繝ｳ繧ｹ縺�縺代�繝｡繧ｽ繝�ラ繧貞ｮ夂ｾｩ縺ｧ縺阪ｋ縲�
==============
繧｢繧ｯ繧ｻ繧ｹ蛻ｶ蠕｡
==============
* `蜻ｼ縺ｳ蜃ｺ縺怜宛髯� <https://docs.ruby-lang.org/ja/latest/doc/spec=2fdef.html#limit>`_
* `Ruby 縺ｮ private 縺ｨ protected 縲よｭｴ蜿ｲ縺ｨ菴ｿ縺��縺�(Qiita) <https://qiita.com/tbpgr/items/6f1c0c7b77218f74c63e>`_
Java繧Г++縺ｮ ``public`` , ``protected`` , ``private`` 縺ｨ縺ｯ諢丞袖縺碁＆縺��縺ｧ豕ｨ諢上�