In this paper, we would like to explain the mechanism of creative collaboration and "pattern language", based on the social system theory proposed by Niklas Luhmann. Creative collaboration is focused on as the source of innovation in the several areas today, however it is not enough to understand the essential mechanism. Collaboration is a social activity when more than one person cooperates to aim for a goal that cannot be reached alone. In a team or an organization that does an effective collaboration, not only do they have an effective division of work, but also a process of ideas increasing is so massive that no one can tell who came up with the idea. These are a characteristic and what collaboration can lead us to.
In this paper, we propose the concept of "creative thinking", "creative action", and "creative communication", applying and extending the social system theory, and explain the creative collaboration as the nexus of creative communication. Creative thinking means the creation by imagining or thinking something in his / her brain. Creative action means the creation by drawing or building something with his / her body. Creative communication means the creation by communicating with some others.
According to social system theory, communication is the element of social system and "communication" is defined as the synthesis of three selections: "information", "utterance", and "understanding". In this framework, communication can be creative, because the communication is just selection process.
We, in this paper, focus on "pattern language" as the support method for creative collaboration. Pattern language is the method proposed by Christopher Alexander in architecture. In the pattern language, the tacit knowledge of creation is summarized into a pattern, which composed of three parts: "situation", "problems", "solution". Pattern language is worked as the media for thinking and communication. According to the social system theory, "language" is a media of coupling between consciousness and communication. We explore the possibility to apply the method of pattern language into new areas.
In this paper, we analyze the social function of the recovery process from earthquake disasters, based on "Social System Theory" proposed by Niklas Luhmann. We discuss what kinds of communication were occurred in recovery process and how a people participated in the communication, in the case of Hanshin-Awaji Earthquakes occurred in Jan. 17, 1995.
In this paper, we propose a new viewpoint that two kind of social systems (communication systems) are emerged in the recovery process from earthquake disaster: "disaster reduction system" and "healing system". The disaster reduction system is the system generated by the nexus of communication about disaster reduction. In the system, the communication is generated based on a feeling of uneasiness. On the other hand, the healing system is the system generated by the nexus of communication about experience of disaster. In the system, the communication is generated based on a feeling of sympathy.
In this paper, we take examples of the communication media for healing system in the recovery process from Hanshin-Awaji Earthquakes: a mourning event "1.17 Meeting of Hanshin-Awaji Earthquakes", a song "Song Brings Happiness", and earthquake memorial monuments. These media support the nexus of communication of healing systems and the nexus of consciousness of psychic system.
In this paper, we analyze the mechanism of "open-source development", in which anybody can join and leave to the collaboration to develop complex software system, as implausible phenomena. Here, we take the case of "Linux", which is an operating system developed as open-source software. In existing studies, the management of the community is often discussed, but we focus on how the community was emerged. In this paper, we apply social system theory proposed by Niklas Luhmann, especially the concept of "double contingency", "the nexus of communication", "Openness and Closeness" of a system, "structural coupling" of systems, and "communication media". In order to clarify the nexus of communication for developing Linux, we analyze the logged text of mailing lists and newsgroups.
In this paper, we propose the new concept of management of creative communication in the age of Web 2.0. In the new age, consumers not only consume the products, which are provided by corporations, but also create their contents on the platform. The corporations are able only to design the architecture of the platform, therefore the value of products/service deeply depends on the contents created by the consumers. Thus we now should understand how the architecture of the platform, which is produced by corporation, can induce consumers to create their contents. In this paper, we apply social system theory proposed by Niklas Luhmann, especially the concept of "the nexus of communication" and "structural coupling". We take some cases of the corporation in the age of Web 2.0: Mixi, Hatena, CookPad, Google, and so on.
本論文の目的は,商品の売れ行きの背後にある隠れた法則性を探ることにある.書籍販売市場は,すべての商品が同じように売れるわけではなく一部の商品が爆発的に売れるという「ウィナー・テイク・オール市場」になっている.本論文では,商品販売市場に潜む隠れた法則性を明らかにするために,日本全国における書籍販売の実データを用いて実証的に分析する.その結果,販売冊数と順位の関係がべき乗則に従っていることが明らかになった.また,ジャンル別の分析においては,基本的にはべき乗分布に従っているものの,最上位の販売冊数がべき乗分布の近似線よりも下方になるというようなジャンル別の特徴があることがわかった.
本論文では,エージェントベースアプローチによって,社会・経済のモデルを作成するためのフレームワークを提案する.このフレームワークによって,「複雑系」(構成要素の振舞いのルールが状況によって動的に変化するシステム)のモデルを記述し,シミュレートすることが可能となる.提案フレームワークは,概念モデル・フレームワークとシミュレーションモデル・フレームワークの2つで構成され,モデル化からシミュレーションまでの一貫した支援を行う.提案フレームワークの特徴は,エージェント間の相互作用を,財(および情報)のやりとりとして明示化する点にある.また,エージェントの行動を,エージェントとは別のモデル要素として外部化し,オブジェクトコンポジションによって付加する点にも特徴がある.本論文は,社会・経済システムをオブジェクト指向でモデル化するためのひとつのパターンを提示するだけでなく,モデルを作成・実行する環境も併せて提供することで,シミュレーションを行う仕組みも実現する.
本論文では,マルチエージェントモデルによる人工市場アプローチによって,家庭用VTRにおける規格競争のモデル化と分析を行う.提案する人工市場モデルでは,マーケティング・サイエンスや消費者行動論などのモデルを用いてミクロレベルのモデル化を行うため,従来のマクロ集計的なネットワーク外部性モデルでは行うことができなかった分析が可能となる.シミュレーションの結果,局所的影響によって地域ごとに採用される方式が分離するという「地域性」の発生が観察され,それにより優位方式のマーケットシェアの拡大が抑制されることがわかった.また,現実のデータと照らし合わせることにより,消費者の方式選択における大域的影響度と局所的影響度のバランスを推計した.さらに,マーケットシェアの逆転現象の頻度とモデル設定との関係を調べることにより,序盤において局所的な影響を受けて確率的に方式選択する場合に逆転現象が生じ得ることが示された.最後に本論文の結果を踏まえ,人工市場モデルの妥当性の検証に関する取り組むべき課題について考察する.