インタビュワーとインタビュイーのインタラクションを活性化する

インタビュー手法の新しい提案

A new method of interviewing to encourage interaction between interviewer and interviewee

外国語電子教材：科目名「認知科学(07)／構成的認知論(14)」

Electronic Lecture Material in English for Masaki Suwa's Lecture "Cognitive Science" (Fall Semester)

This is a new method of interviewing in order to activate interaction between an interviewer and his/her interviewee. The conventional assumption concerning methods of interviewing is that intervention by the interviewer should be avoided as much as possible in order not to affect the opinions of the interviewee. However, in general, an interviewee is not necessarily able to verbalize his or her own opinions and hypotheses, because those are intrinsically tacit.

The proposed method of interviewing is, thus, based on the idea that interactions between an interviewer and an interviewee effectively encourage the interviewee to do meta-cognition about the self and thereby enable verbalization of so-far-tacit opinions and hypotheses.

The procedure of interviewing is described in the following.

Interviewing is conducted at least three times.

1. You (as an interviewer) take several photos of the interviewee with some facial expressions and gestures, select a few of them and draw a freehand sketches based on those photos (Figure 1),

2. Remember what the interviewee talked, seeing the sketches, and write on the sketches with a colored pen memos about what you think and feel (Figure 2),

3. Do the second interviewing with the sketches of 2 being located between you and your interviewee. You are allowed to ask your interviewee and present your opinions because it encourages meta-cognition of your interviewee and thereby enables verbalization of tacit opinions and hypotheses. Further, you are allowed to write on the sketches with a second colored pen memos about what you think and feel,

4. Remember what the interviewee talked, seeing the sketches of 3, and write on the sketches with a second colored pen memos about what you think and feel (Figure 3)

5. Paste the sketches on a A3 paper, and do the third interviewing with the pasted sketch being located between you and your interviewee. You are allowed to ask your interviewee and present your opinions. Further, you are allowed to write around the pasted sketch with a black pen memos about what you think and feel.

6. Remember what the interviewee talked, seeing the sketches of 5, and write on the sketches with a black pen memos about what you think and feel (Figure 4),

7. What has been told by you and the interviewee is recorded by an IC recorder. You summarize his or her opinions and hypotheses, listening to the record and seeing the sketch that you have created though all the interviews.

Figure 1: A sketch of a photo

Figure 2: A sketch annotated by an interviewer about what he or she thought and felt concerning the interviewee’s opinions

Figure 3: A sketch annotated by an interviewer about what he or she thought and felt concerning the interviewee’s opinions after the second interview

Figure 4: A sketch annotated by an interviewer about what he or she thought and felt concerning the interviewee’s opinions after the third interview