***Orientalism*** p120-p156




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Orientalism-Imaginary-geography

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1.$B!VJ,Ln!J%U%#!<%k%I!K!W$H$O$J$K$+!)(B $B!V(B $B3XLdJ,Ln(B($B%G%#%7%W%j%s(B)$B!W$H$O$J(B
$B$K$+!)$I$NMM$KDj5A$5$l$F$$$k$@$m$&$+!)(B 

What is a field ($BJ,Ln(B)? What is a discipline ($B3XLdJ,Ln(B)? How did they
originate? 

2.$B!!%*%j%(%s%?%j%:%`$,!VB?J,$KAm3gE*$JCOM}E*0LCV$r@j$a$h$&$H!W$7$?(B
$B!V9-Bg$JJ,Ln(B(the vast geographical area)$B!W!JNr;K!"8@8l!"@/<#$r4^$`!K(B
$B$H$O2?$+!)(B 

   What are the vast geograhical areas (with their own history,
language, and politics) that Orientalism tries to cover? 


3.$B!!@>2$$K$*$$$F85Mh!J%k%M%C%5%s%9$N=i4|!K$N%*%j%(%s%?(B
$B%j%:%`$O$I$NMM$J8&5f$G$"$C$?$+!)$^$?$=$l$O$N$A$K$I$NMM$J$b$N$rJq3g$7$F(B
$B$$$C$?$+!)(B 
    

    
   Originally, what kind of study was Orientalism in the West
(beginning with the Renaissance); and what did it come to include
later? 


4. $B!V3X=QE*%*%j%(%s%?%j%9%H(B(Orientalist scholarship)$B!W$,(B
$B
   What was the result of Orientalism being learned through texts
before the Orientalist scholar came into actual contact with an Eastern
culture? 


5.$B!!3X=QE*%*%j%(%s%?%j%9%H$H$OJL$K!"Bg=0J82=$N$I$NMM$J$H$3$m$X%*%j(B
$B%(%s%?%j%:%`$O8=$l$?$+!)(B 

   Aside from Orientalist scholarship, where did Orientalism appear
in popular culture? 


6. $B!!!V2f!9$NEZCO!W$H!VLnHZ?M$NEZCO!W$b$7$/$O!V2f!9!W$H!VElMN(B(
$B%*%j%(%s%?%k(B)$B!W$H$$$&$h$&$KL>IU$16hJL$9$k$3$H$O$I$NMM$K!VWs0UE*!W$J$N(B
$B$+!)(B 

   How is the designation of ``our land'' vs. ``their land,'' or ``us''
vs. ``Orientals,'' arbitrary ($BWs0U$J$3$H(B)? 


7.  $B8EBe%.%j%7%c$N5:6J$N;~Be$+$iMN(B($B%&%(%9%H(B)$B$+$iJ,$+$C$F$$$kFs$D$NB&LL!W$H$O2?$+!)(B 

   What are the two aspects of the Orient that have been transmitted
since the era of the classical Greek drama? 


8. $B%*%j%(%s%H$N35G0$r:n$j>e$2$?;M$D$N%?%$%W$N%F%/%9%H!JJ83X!K$O2?(B
$B$+!)(B 

   What are four types of texts (or literature) that shape the idea of
the Orient? 


9. $B%$%9%i%`$O$I$NMM$K!V%-%j%9%H65$N8m?G$KK~$A$?JQ7A$K$9$.$J$$!W$H(B
$BIA
   How is Islam portrayed as merely a ``version'' of something Western? 
 

10. $B#7@$5*$+$i#1#7@$5*$N=*$o$j$^$G$N!V%$%9%i%`$N73;vE*@.8y!W$H$O2?(B
$B$+!)(B 

   What were the successes of Islamic military power from the
seventh century until the end of the seventeenth? 


11.$B!!ElMN$KBP$9$k62$l$,8:$8$F8+$($k$h$&$K@>2$$,:n$j=P$7$?$N$O$I$NMM(B
$B$J!VEP>l?MJ*!W$+!)(B 

   What characters did the West create, in order to make East seem
less fearful? 


12.$B!!@>2$$N3X
   When Western scholars began to correct their previous learning
about the East, what did they add? 


13. $B#1#8@$5*$N=iF,!"@>MN$O$I$NMM$KElMN$K>!$C$F$$$k$H46$8$?$+!)(B 

   When Western scholars began to correct their previous learning
about the East, what did they add? 


14. $B!!@>2$$N%*%j%(%s%H$KBP$9$k!VCN<1!W$NH/E8$N8+$;$+$1$N!JL@Gr$J!)!K(B
$B6/$5$H$O2?$+!)(B 

   What was the apparent strength of the developing Western
"knowledge" about the Orient? 



    

     Orientalism, $B1Q(B pp. 66-73  $BK.(B pp. 156-173 ****
    

    
1.$B$J$<%*%j%(%s%?%j%:%`$K$O!V650iE*@-3J!W$,$"$k$N$+!'%*%j%(%s%?%j%:%`$N4Q5R$d(B
$BFI
Why does Orientalism have a "didactic quality" -- what is the purpose of this
didactic quality towards its audience or readers?


2. $B@>MN?M$O$I$N$h$&$K%*%j%(%s%H$K$D$$$F$N>pJs$r=$@5$7$?$j8!>Z$7$?$j$9$k$N$+!)(B

How does "the Western mind" try to correct or verify its information about
the Orient?

3. $B%*%j%(%s%?%j%:%`$,0l2U$N5,N'!a71N}(B $B!J%G%#%7%W%j%s!K$J$i$P!"@>MN$N%*%j(B
$B%(%s%?%j%:%`$N3X=,
If Orientalism is a discipline, what is the Western learner or reader
about the Orient>


4. $B@>MN?M$K$H$C$F!"2?$,%*%j%(%s%HE*$J$N$+!J$J$MN$N2?$i$+$NB&LL$H;w$?$b$N$+(B)$B!)(B 

To westerners, what is the Orient like (why do they think it is not 
completely different from the West)?


5. $B%*%j%(%s%?%j%9%H$N%*%j%(%s%H$KBP$9$k;E;v$H$O2?$+!#$^$?C/$N$?$a$K$d$C$F(B
$B$$$k$H?.$8$F$=$l$r9T$C$F$$$k$+!#(B 

What is the Orientalist's work towards the Orient, and for whose sake?


6. $B$J$<%@%s%F$O#1#4@$5*$N!XCO9vJS!Y$G%`%O%s%^%I$rCO9v$N$b$C$H$bDc$$7wC+$K2!$7(B
$BF~$l$?$N$+!#(B

Why does Dante's 14th-century work Inferno put Mohammed in one of the 
lowest circles of Hell?


7. $B$J$<%@%s%F$O#1#4@$5*$N!XCO9vJS!Y$G%`%O%s%^%I$rCO9v$N$b$C$H$bDc$$7wC+$K2!$7(B
$BF~$l$?$N$+(B.

As a result of Dante's and other western portrayals of Mohamed, 
what kind of "creature" does Islam become in the Western mind?


8. $B%*%j%(%s%H$KBP$9$k!V7P83E*%G!<%?!W$O$J$<@>MN$G$[$H$s$I0l@Z$,L5;k$5$l$k(B
$B$N$+!#(B

Why do "empirical data" about the Orient count for almost nothing
in the West?


9. $B%*%j%(%s%H$NI=>]%7%9%F%`$,6/2=$5$l$k$3$H0J30$K%h!<%m%C%Q$H%$%9%i%`$NAx(B
$B6x$N7k2L$H$7$F2?$,5/$3$C$?$+!)(B 

In addition to the strengthening of the western representations of 
the Orient, what was the other result of the encounter between 
Europe and Islam?


10. $B%h!<%m%C%Q$,%"%i%V$NNN0h$@$C$?COCf3$$+$i0\F0$7!"%2%k%^%sIw$N%h!<%m%C%Q(B
$B$,;O$^$k$H2?$,5/$-$?$+!)(B 

What happened to Europe when it moved away from the Arab Mediterranean,
and Germanic Europe began?


*11. $B%*%j%(%s%?%j%:%`$O$I$NMM$K!VI=>]E*8@@b!J%G%#%9%/!<%k!K$NNN0h!W$J$N$+!)(B

How is Orientalism a "universe of representative discourse"?


12. $B!VI=>]!W$d!VHfSHI=8=!W$O%*%j%(%s%?%j%:%`$G$I$NMM$K;H$o$l$F$$$k$+!)(B 

How are "representative figures" or "tropes" used in Orientalism?


13. $B%*%j%(%s%?%j%9%H$N%G%#%9%/!<%k$G;H$o$l$?!VHfSHI=8=!WNc$r$$$/$D$+<+J,$G(B
$B$"$2$F$_$J$5$$!#Nc$O8=:_$+$i$H$C$F$b2a5n$+$i$H$C$F$b$+$^$o$J$$!#(B

Please give your own examples of the "tropes" used in Orientalist discourse.
Examples can be from the past or present.


14. $B%*%j%(%s%?%(%j%:%`$N8@8l$O@53N$G$"$m$&$H$7$F$$$k$+!)(B 

Does the language of Orientalism try to be accurate?


15. $B%k%M%C%5%s%9;~Be$+$iEAC#$5$l$F$-$?%*%j%(%s%?%j%:%`$NHfSHI=8=$O$I$NMM$K(B
$BIaJW2=$G$-$k$+!)(B 

What can we generalize about the tropes of Orientalism handed down 
since the Renaissance?


16. $B%*%j%(%s%?%j%:%`$N9M$(J}!&!V%*%j%(%s%H$r07$&:]$N0l$D$N=,47!W$O$I$&$$$&$U$&$K%*%j%(%s%H$rIA$/$N$+!#(B

How does the "habit" of thought of Orientalism describe the Orient?


17. $B=$<-3XE*$K$_$?>l9g!"%*%j%(%s%?%j%:%`$O%*%j%(%s%H$r$I$NMM$K6x$7$F$$$k$+!)(B

What does the Orientalist do to the Orient rhetorically?



18. $B?4M}3XE*$K$_$F!"%*%j%(%s%?%j%:%`$O2?$N0l7ABV$J$N$+!)(B 

What psychological form of knowledge is Orientalism?


19. $B!V?4>]COM}!W$r!V@5Ev2=$9$k!W$H$O$I$&$$$&$3$H$+!)(B 

What does "imaginative geography" legitimate?



    

    

    *** Orientalism, "Projects" $B1Q(B pp. 73-80 
    

1. Does Orientalism say that the Orient advances on the West, or the West
advances on the Orient? Which one is more true?


     2. What culture and religion did "the Orient" mean to Europeans
from 700 A.D. until about 1750?


    

3. What scholarly efforts, in what field, were made by two scholars
before Napoleon invaded Egypt in 1798?


    

4. What were William Jones's main contributions to Orientalism?


    

5. What did European Orientalists think was the relationship between
the European languages and the "Oriental" languages?


    

6. When Europeans finally lived in the "Orient" in the 18th century,
what was their purpose towards the Orient?


    

7. Why did the European Orientalist scholars search for the Orient's
lost past?


    

8. Whom did Napoleon compare himself to when he invaded Egypt in 1798?


    

9. How did Napoleon's idea of conquering Egypt come from texts of 
myths or mythical ideas?


    

10. In what way was Orientalist expertise put to use during the period of
colonization by Europe?


    

11. When Orientalists have to choose their loyalty between the
"Orient" or the west, what do they choose?